Thin airfoil theory assumptions5/21/2023 The vortex-force theory is described to provide a solid foundation for consistent treatment of lift, form drag, Kutta condition, and downwash. In particular, the physical aspects of the analytical expressions for the lift coefficient of the plate-plate airfoil are discussed, including Newton’s sine-squared law, Rayleigh’s lift formula, thin-airfoil theory and viscous-flow lift formula. The evolutionary development of the lift problem of a flat-plate airfoil is reviewed as a canonical case from the classical inviscid circulation theory to the viscous-flow model. This review attempts to elucidate the physical origin of aerodynamic lift of an airfoil using simple formulations and notations, particularly focusing on the critical effect of the fluid viscosity.
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